diff --git a/include/linux/awe_voice.h b/include/linux/awe_voice.h
index da0e27de752c..4bf9f33048e2 100644
--- a/include/linux/awe_voice.h
+++ b/include/linux/awe_voice.h
@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@
 #define SAMPLE_TYPE_AWE32	0x20
 #endif
 
-#ifndef _PATCHKEY
-#define _PATCHKEY(id) ((id<<8)|0xfd)
-#endif
+#define _LINUX_PATCHKEY_H_INDIRECT
+#include <linux/patchkey.h>
+#undef _LINUX_PATCHKEY_H_INDIRECT
 
 /*----------------------------------------------------------------
  * patch information record
diff --git a/include/linux/patchkey.h b/include/linux/patchkey.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d974a6e92372
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/linux/patchkey.h
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * <linux/patchkey.h> -- definition of _PATCHKEY macro
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2005 Stuart Brady
+ *
+ * This exists because awe_voice.h defined its own _PATCHKEY and it wasn't
+ * clear whether removing this would break anything in userspace.
+ *
+ * Do not include this file directly.  Please use <sys/soundcard.h> instead.
+ * For kernel code, use <linux/soundcard.h>
+ */
+
+#ifndef _LINUX_PATCHKEY_H_INDIRECT
+#error "patchkey.h included directly"
+#endif
+
+#ifndef _LINUX_PATCHKEY_H
+#define _LINUX_PATCHKEY_H
+
+/* Endian macros. */
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+#  include <asm/byteorder.h>
+#else
+#  include <endian.h>
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__KERNEL__)
+#  if defined(__BIG_ENDIAN)
+#    define _PATCHKEY(id) (0xfd00|id)
+#  elif defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+#    define _PATCHKEY(id) ((id<<8)|0x00fd)
+#  else
+#    error "could not determine byte order"
+#  endif
+#elif defined(__BYTE_ORDER)
+#  if __BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN
+#    define _PATCHKEY(id) (0xfd00|id)
+#  elif __BYTE_ORDER == __LITTLE_ENDIAN
+#    define _PATCHKEY(id) ((id<<8)|0x00fd)
+#  else
+#    error "could not determine byte order"
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#endif /* _LINUX_PATCHKEY_H */
diff --git a/include/linux/soundcard.h b/include/linux/soundcard.h
index 28d2d1881978..523d069c862c 100644
--- a/include/linux/soundcard.h
+++ b/include/linux/soundcard.h
@@ -39,6 +39,13 @@
 /* In Linux we need to be prepared for cross compiling */
 #include <linux/ioctl.h>
 
+/* Endian macros. */
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+#  include <asm/byteorder.h>
+#else
+#  include <endian.h>
+#endif
+
 /*
  *	Supported card ID numbers (Should be somewhere else?)
  */
@@ -179,13 +186,26 @@ typedef struct seq_event_rec {
  * Some big endian/little endian handling macros
  */
 
-#if defined(_AIX) || defined(AIX) || defined(sparc) || defined(__sparc__) || defined(HPPA) || defined(PPC) || defined(__mc68000__)
-/* Big endian machines */
-#  define _PATCHKEY(id) (0xfd00|id)
-#  define AFMT_S16_NE AFMT_S16_BE
-#else
-#  define _PATCHKEY(id) ((id<<8)|0xfd)
-#  define AFMT_S16_NE AFMT_S16_LE
+#define _LINUX_PATCHKEY_H_INDIRECT
+#include <linux/patchkey.h>
+#undef _LINUX_PATCHKEY_H_INDIRECT
+
+#if defined(__KERNEL__)
+#  if defined(__BIG_ENDIAN)
+#    define AFMT_S16_NE AFMT_S16_BE
+#  elif defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+#    define AFMT_S16_NE AFMT_S16_LE
+#  else
+#    error "could not determine byte order"
+#  endif
+#elif defined(__BYTE_ORDER)
+#  if __BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN
+#    define AFMT_S16_NE AFMT_S16_BE
+#  elif __BYTE_ORDER == __LITTLE_ENDIAN
+#    define AFMT_S16_NE AFMT_S16_LE
+#  else
+#    error "could not determine byte order"
+#  endif
 #endif
 
 /*