101 lines
3.9 KiB
ReStructuredText
101 lines
3.9 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
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===========================
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MEMORY ALLOCATION PROFILING
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===========================
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Low overhead (suitable for production) accounting of all memory allocations,
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tracked by file and line number.
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Usage:
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kconfig options:
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- CONFIG_MEM_ALLOC_PROFILING
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- CONFIG_MEM_ALLOC_PROFILING_ENABLED_BY_DEFAULT
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- CONFIG_MEM_ALLOC_PROFILING_DEBUG
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adds warnings for allocations that weren't accounted because of a
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missing annotation
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Boot parameter:
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sysctl.vm.mem_profiling=0|1|never
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When set to "never", memory allocation profiling overhead is minimized and it
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cannot be enabled at runtime (sysctl becomes read-only).
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When CONFIG_MEM_ALLOC_PROFILING_ENABLED_BY_DEFAULT=y, default value is "1".
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When CONFIG_MEM_ALLOC_PROFILING_ENABLED_BY_DEFAULT=n, default value is "never".
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sysctl:
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/proc/sys/vm/mem_profiling
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Runtime info:
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/proc/allocinfo
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Example output::
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root@moria-kvm:~# sort -g /proc/allocinfo|tail|numfmt --to=iec
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2.8M 22648 fs/kernfs/dir.c:615 func:__kernfs_new_node
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3.8M 953 mm/memory.c:4214 func:alloc_anon_folio
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4.0M 1010 drivers/staging/ctagmod/ctagmod.c:20 [ctagmod] func:ctagmod_start
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4.1M 4 net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_core.c:2567 func:nf_ct_alloc_hashtable
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6.0M 1532 mm/filemap.c:1919 func:__filemap_get_folio
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8.8M 2785 kernel/fork.c:307 func:alloc_thread_stack_node
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13M 234 block/blk-mq.c:3421 func:blk_mq_alloc_rqs
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14M 3520 mm/mm_init.c:2530 func:alloc_large_system_hash
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15M 3656 mm/readahead.c:247 func:page_cache_ra_unbounded
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55M 4887 mm/slub.c:2259 func:alloc_slab_page
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122M 31168 mm/page_ext.c:270 func:alloc_page_ext
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===================
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Theory of operation
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===================
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Memory allocation profiling builds off of code tagging, which is a library for
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declaring static structs (that typically describe a file and line number in
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some way, hence code tagging) and then finding and operating on them at runtime,
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- i.e. iterating over them to print them in debugfs/procfs.
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To add accounting for an allocation call, we replace it with a macro
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invocation, alloc_hooks(), that
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- declares a code tag
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- stashes a pointer to it in task_struct
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- calls the real allocation function
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- and finally, restores the task_struct alloc tag pointer to its previous value.
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This allows for alloc_hooks() calls to be nested, with the most recent one
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taking effect. This is important for allocations internal to the mm/ code that
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do not properly belong to the outer allocation context and should be counted
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separately: for example, slab object extension vectors, or when the slab
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allocates pages from the page allocator.
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Thus, proper usage requires determining which function in an allocation call
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stack should be tagged. There are many helper functions that essentially wrap
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e.g. kmalloc() and do a little more work, then are called in multiple places;
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we'll generally want the accounting to happen in the callers of these helpers,
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not in the helpers themselves.
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To fix up a given helper, for example foo(), do the following:
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- switch its allocation call to the _noprof() version, e.g. kmalloc_noprof()
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- rename it to foo_noprof()
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- define a macro version of foo() like so:
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#define foo(...) alloc_hooks(foo_noprof(__VA_ARGS__))
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It's also possible to stash a pointer to an alloc tag in your own data structures.
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Do this when you're implementing a generic data structure that does allocations
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"on behalf of" some other code - for example, the rhashtable code. This way,
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instead of seeing a large line in /proc/allocinfo for rhashtable.c, we can
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break it out by rhashtable type.
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To do so:
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- Hook your data structure's init function, like any other allocation function.
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- Within your init function, use the convenience macro alloc_tag_record() to
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record alloc tag in your data structure.
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- Then, use the following form for your allocations:
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alloc_hooks_tag(ht->your_saved_tag, kmalloc_noprof(...))
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